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      All reports — page 5

      The full archive in alphabetical order, across every desk.

      Maritime & Waterfront Law

      Federally Documented Vessels and the Coast Guard Registry

      Federal documentation registers a vessel of at least five net tons with a national registry, establishing nationality and enabling the preferred ship mortgage. It replaces state titling in most states but not state registration for use, requires annual renewal, and carries strict marking and citizenship requirements.

      6 min readFederal rule

      Election & Public Records Law

      Filing a Public Records Request That Actually Works

      Records requests succeed on precision. Federal requests run under the Freedom of Information Act and state requests under each state's own statute, with different deadlines and fee rules. A request that identifies records rather than topics, addresses fees in advance and creates a dated record is the one that gets answered.

      6 min readFederal and state

      Immigration & Border Law

      Foreign Police Certificates and Court Records for a Visa Case

      Immigrant visa applicants must obtain police certificates from their country of nationality and from other countries where they have lived beyond a threshold period, together with certified court and prison records for any arrest. What each country issues, what it is called, and how it is requested are set out in the State Department's reciprocity schedule rather than by the consulate.

      5 min readFederal rule

      Immigration & Border Law

      Form I-290B: Motions and Appeals Inside the Benefits Agency

      Form I-290B is the vehicle for three distinct challenges to a decision by the benefits agency: an appeal to the Administrative Appeals Office, a motion to reopen based on new facts, and a motion to reconsider based on legal or policy error. Not every decision is appealable, deadlines are short and jurisdictional, and the office that made the decision reviews the filing first.

      5 min readFederal rule

      Probate & Estate Law

      Getting Into a Deceased Person's Online Accounts

      State fiduciary access statutes give a personal representative a defined route to a deceased person's digital assets, ranked below any online tool the provider offered and any direction in the deceased's own documents. Content of communications is treated far more restrictively than the record of who was contacted and when.

      5 min readState rule

      Immigration & Border Law

      H-2A Seasonal Farm Labor: Temporary Need, Housing and Wages

      H-2A admits foreign agricultural workers where a federal certification establishes that the employer's need is temporary or seasonal and that domestic workers are unavailable. Certification carries mandatory wage, housing, transportation and guaranteed-hours terms that apply to imported and corresponding domestic workers alike.

      5 min readFederal rule

      Immigration & Border Law

      H-2B Seasonal Nonagricultural Workers and the Cap Lottery

      H-2B admits temporary nonagricultural workers where the employer proves a one-time, seasonal, peakload or intermittent need and obtains labor certification. Because the category is numerically limited and split across the fiscal year, approval depends on both the strength of the case and the allocation process.

      5 min readFederal rule

      Construction & Permitting Law

      Historic District Rules and Exterior Work

      Local historic designation requires review of exterior changes visible from the public way, through a certificate of appropriateness. Standards focus on retaining historic material and matching detail, ordinary maintenance is usually exempt, and demolition by neglect is separately enforceable.

      6 min readLocal rule

      Immigration & Border Law

      Humanitarian Reinstatement After a Petitioner Dies

      The death of a petitioner automatically revokes an approved family-based petition, but two routes can preserve the case: a statutory survivor provision that allows certain beneficiaries residing in the United States to have the petition adjudicated as if the petitioner had lived, and a discretionary request for humanitarian reinstatement of the revoked approval. Both ordinarily require a substitute sponsor to assume the affidavit of support obligation.

      5 min readFederal rule

      Workplace Injury & Safety Law

      Independent Medical Examinations and Disputed Findings

      An insurer-arranged examination produces an opinion on causation, restrictions, treatment necessity and impairment. Attendance is generally compulsory, no treatment relationship is created, and the report is contested through the treating physician's rebuttal, a neutral examiner where available, or cross-examination.

      6 min readState rule

      Construction & Permitting Law

      Inspections and the Certificate of Occupancy

      Building inspections run in a fixed sequence tied to construction stages, with each stage approving work before it is concealed. The certificate of occupancy is the final approval that makes a building lawfully usable, and it is a condition of insurance, financing and lawful occupation rather than a formality.

      5 min readLocal rule